‘What’s the right thing to protect’ is thus a question of concepts of justice. There are different and contradicting concepts of justice, which differ in interpretations of fair resource allocation and distributions. ![]() Justice concerns questions over fairness in the allocation of resources, capital and wealth across different members of society. This raises a central but barely discussed conflict: what (or rather who) should be protected against inundations? This question deals in essence with justice. Decisions on whom to protect differentiate between upstream and downstream or left and right side of a river. As protection against flood risks becomes increasingly difficult, dilemmas of justice emerge: some benefits from flood protection measures whereas others loose. This paper compares the inherent notions of justice in four different approaches to flood risk management in Europe.
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